Google: Yes, You Can Find Just About
Anything
Hackers and security experts use various custom and open
source tools to complete their tasks. In fact, one of the tools they use you probably use
every time you browse the web, the Google Search Engine.
I remember the first time I used the Google Search Engine
years ago. I was amazed at how quickly it fulfilled my search request. Google's huge index
of systems / information and it's ability to perform complex searches have evolved over
the years. When we performed security assessments and penetration test, we regularly use
Google to locate information that organizations typically want to keep private and
confidential.
The reason for me writing this article is to give you
several examples of basic and complex Google search terms and queries. As a disclaimer, it
is not my intention that you use this information to invade the privacy of someone else or
access data and files on systems that do not belong to you. It is strictly educational
information and a way to make people more aware of what kind of information they may be
exposing to the rest of the world.
Using Google To Locate Password Files
One of the most common remote web authoring tools is
Microsoft's Front Page. Front page extensions and WebDav, the services on the web server
that allow you to remotely connect and author web pages, can be configured with a certain
degree of security. However, in certain configurations, the userID and password are stored
in local files on the server. Using a Google query, you can easily locate thousands of
these files and dump the contents.
The query form is quite simple:
"inurl:(filename).pwd", where (filename) is the name of the .pwd file. This
query can be expanded to be very specific and target a specific site by using a command to
search for a specific site or domain. The results of a specific search like this would
list hundreds if not thousands of these files that would contain something like "#
-FrontPage-dmiller:I1KEaH1TZqxEw". Basically dumping the userID and password.
This type of basic query can be used to find all kinds of
interesting information such as using the "intitle:"index of" (name of
directory you want to locate)" which not only reveals many web directory structures
of "index of/", it also reveals how many web servers on the Internet do not have
even the most basic forms of permissions and directory security. You will find that once
you access a particular directory, that you can then move up the directory tree and you
never know what you may find.
More Complex Search Queries
The Google Search Engine supports very complex query types.
For instance, if you were to construct a query like ""parent directory "
Gamez -xxx -html -htm -php -shtml -opendivx -md5-md5sums", the query would result in
lists upon list of systems that have a /Gamez directory off the root of the "parent
directory" of the web server. Or, to locate music files of type mp3 you could issue a
query like "intitle:index.of mp3 (name of band/song)".
The bottom line here is that it is possible to locate very
specific types of files. It is also possible to perform queries for inline passwords from
various search engines by performing a query similar to "http://*:*@www".
What Else Can Be Found With Google Search Queries
One of the things we do when we are performing a security
assessment is perform a quick review of the various web servers to determine what types of
scripting is being used.
For instance, a lot of people use PHP code to create
dynamic content. Many people install PHP example code and administrative tools to help
them manage their site.
Unfortunately, most of the time these files are not secured
and contain login ID's and passwords. We then use Google search queries to locate these
specific files on the servers in question. I'd say we are successful in finding files like
these that help us gain access to systems approximately 60% of the time.
We recently learned of a financial institution that was
taking credit card information from one of their partners using a web based upload service
on their primary web server. The problem was this file was being indexed by the Microsoft
Index Service, the information was being spidered by search engines, and the file itself
did not have effective security permissions on it. The result, the file was indexed by
Google and someone performing a Google query found it and was able to open it in the
browser, revealing hundreds of credit card numbers, names, and other personal information.
This happens all the time.
Conclusion
The Google Search Engine is a powerful tool that can be
used by people with ill intentions just as it can be used for basic web searching. If you
are setting up a web server at home or the office, you need to understand that you may be
publishing information on the web that no one but you should see. This could include
financial files, credit card information, and other private / personal information. There
is a lot more to setting up a "secure" site than just following the Microsoft
setup wizards. |
